WEB TECHNOLOGIES, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND COGNITIVE GOVERNMENT
Abstract
The question remains unanswered as to whether the decentralized ecosystems distributed in the mobile environment of the fog computing system will eventually displace more centralized data development systems like Knowledge Vault and catch up with the prevalence of semantic web systems? Currently, the Freebase knowledge base has not disappeared, it was transferred to the project of the Wikidata public knowledge base, which can become a more important repository of open knowledge in the future. An attempt has been made to answer the question. 4 stages of web technologies development are investigated. It is shown that the development of the web industry goes towards standardization and the subsequent implementation of a stack of Web 3.0 components and Web 4.0 components. There is still a lot of work to be done on the Web 3.0 standards stack, and work on the Web 4.0 standards has not even begun. Web 1.0-4.0 technologies serve as platforms for e-government, open digital government, smart government and cognitive government, respectively.
References
1. Schema.org. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://schema.org/. – (Data obrashhenija: 14.07.2017). – Tekst na angl. – Per. zagl. s jekrana: Shema.
2. Rajkov A.N. Lovushki dlja iskusstvennogo intellekta // Jekonomicheskie strategii. – 2016. – № 6. – S. 172-179.
3. Rajkov A.N. Kognitivnoe programmirovanie // Jekonomicheskie strategii. – 2014. – T.16. № 4. – S. 108 - 113.
4. Freebase. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://wiki.freebase.com/wiki/Main_Page/. – (Data obrashhenija: 14.07.2017). – Tekst na angl. – Per. zagl. s jekrana: Grafovaja baza dannyh.
5. Lupen A. Knowledge Vault – novaja vseob#emljushhaja baza dannyh ot korporacii Google. 2014. 30 avgusta. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: https://webtun.com/google/6761-knowledge-vault-novaya-vseobemlyuschaya-baza-dannyh-ot-korporacii-google.html. – (Data obrashhenija: 14.07.2017).
6. Wikidata. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page. – (Data obrashhenija: 14.07.2017). – Tekst na angl. – Per. zagl. s jekrana: Vikidannye.
7. Ivanov V.V., Korobova A.N. Mezhdunarodnye tehnologii kraudsorsinga dlja razvitija innovacionnyh klasternyh zon // Rossijskij vneshnejekonomicheskij vestnik. – 2012. – № 2. – S. 48-55.
8. Ivanov V.V., Korobova A.N. Infrastrukturnoe obespechenie kraudsorsinga dlja prodvizhenija innovacij // Rossijskij vneshnejekonomicheskij vestnik. – 2012. – № 3. – S. 38-43.
9. Witopedia jenciklopedija Witolog. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://wiki.witology.com/index.php/Glavnaja_stranica. – (Data obrashhenija: 14.07.2017).
10. Markoff John. Entrepreneurs See a Web Guided by Common Sense // The New York Times, 2006, 12 November. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/12/business/12web.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5088&en=254d697964cedc62&ex=1320987600&_r=0. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
11. Semanticheskaja pautina. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semanticheskaja_pautina (po sostojaniju na 28 oktjabrja 2016. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
12. Semantic_Web. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web (po sostojaniju na 29 ijunja 2017 g.). – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
13. Nova Spivack. New Version of My «Metaweb» Graph - The Future of the Net. 2004. 21 aprelja. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://novaspivack.typepad.com/nova_spivacks_weblog/2004/04/new_version_of_.html. – (Data obrashhenija: 14.07.2017).
14. Katrina Pugh and Laurence Prusak. Designing Effective Knowledge Networks // MIT Sloan Management Review, FALL 2013, VOL. 55, № 1, 12 p. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/designing-effective-knowledge-networks/. – (Data obrashhenija: 14.07.2017).
15. Xianjun Geng, Yun Huang, Andrew B. Whinston. Smart marketplaces: a step beyond Web services // Information Systems and e-Business Management. - 2003. - Vol. 1, № 1, p.p. 15-34. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://phdtree.org/pdf/42675504-smart-marketplaces-a-step-beyond-webservices/. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
16. Diana Mitran (MSFT). Consuming .NET My Services from Managed C++. 2002, 4 Feb. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/1797/Consuming-NET-My-Services-from-Managed-C. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
17. Vasjukov I. Internet – soobshhestva. – 2001, Ijun'. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://www.proza.ru/2002/01/18-58. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
18. RIBS — sostavljajushhie internet-soobshhestva. 2012. 2 avg. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://normal.kz/2012/08/ribsneobhodimy-e-sostavlyayushhie-internet-soobshhestva/. (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
19. Klassifikacija pol'zovatelej internet-soobshhestv. 2012. 18 ijunja. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://normal.kz/2012/06/klassifikatsiya-pol-zovatelej-internet-soobshhestv/. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
20. Sonia Berman, and Victor Katoma. An e-Learning Model Based on Collaboration and Sharing. – In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on e-Learning, University of Cape Town, South Africa, 26-27 June 2008 -- p.p. 19-26. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: https://books.google.ru/books?id=qsswThitjp0C&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru#v=onepage&q&f=false. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
21. eBizMBA Guide. Top 15 Most Popular Blogs | July 2017. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://www.ebizmba.com/articles/blogs. –(Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
22. Maloshonok N.G. Chetyre urovnja akademicheskogo pis'ma. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://academics.hse.ru/awc/levels/.
– (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
23. Dave Beckett. Sollection of weblogs or sites with Semantic Web topics. 2012. 11 Sept. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://journal.dajobe.org/journal/2003/07/semblogs/. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
24. Kevin Roebuck. Rich Media - Live Streaming: High-impact Technology - What You Need to Know: Definitions, Adoptions, Impact, Benefits, Maturity, Vendors. -- Emereo Publishing, 24 okt. 2012 g. – 484 s.
25. Stuart Dredge. 10 things you need to know about – lifelogging // The Guardian. - 12 February 2014. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/feb/12/10-things-to-know-about-lifelogging. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
26. O gruppovom ume – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_mind_(science_fiction). – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
27. SIMON DEDEO. Group Minds and the Case of Wikipedia. – In: Human Computation. - 2014, V. 1, № 1, p.p. 5-29. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1407.2210v2.pdf. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
28. O poslednem i pervom cheloveke. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_and_First_Men. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
29. Gubanov, D., Korgin, N., Novikov, D., Raikov, A. E-Expertise: Modern Collective Intelligence, Springer. Series: Studies in Computational Intelligence, Vol. 558, 2014, XVIII, 112 p.
30. Raikov A. Convergent networked decision-making using group insights // Complex & Intelligent Systems. December 2015, Volume 1, Issue 1, pp. 57-68 (DOI 10.1007/s40747-016-0005-9)
31. Varianty perevoda na russkij jazyk anglijskogo slova enterprise. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: https://translate.google.ru/?hl=ru&tab=wT#en/ru/enterprise. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
32. Levenchuk A. Sistemnoinzhenernoe myshlenie. - M.: TechInvestLab, Izd. 2, 2 aprelja 2015. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://techinvestlab.ru/files/systems_engineering_thinking/systems_engineering_thinking—TechInvestLab_2014.pdf. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
33. Perevod na russkij jazyk anglijskogo termina entrepreneurial mindset. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://www.linguee.ru/angliijskij-russkij/perevod/entrepreneurial+mindset.html. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
34. Global'nyj mozg. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_brain. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
35. Google aims to create ‘global brain’, LONDON, 2014, August 25. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/googleaims-to-create-global-brain-knowledge-vault/article6348113.ece. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
36. The Global Brain Institute. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: https://sites.google.com/site/gbialternative1/home. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017). – Tekst na angl. – Per. zagl. s jekrana: Global'nyj institut mozga.
37. Alexia Parks. Hillary’s Brain Is a Global Brain. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/global-brain/. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
38. Revkin A. Exploring Humanity’s Evolving ‘Global Brain’ // The New York Times, 2012, Dec. 3. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: https://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/03/. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
39. Raikov A.N. Holistic Discourse in the Network Cognitive Modeling // Journal of Mathematics and System Science. 2013. № 3. p. 519-530.
2. Rajkov A.N. Lovushki dlja iskusstvennogo intellekta // Jekonomicheskie strategii. – 2016. – № 6. – S. 172-179.
3. Rajkov A.N. Kognitivnoe programmirovanie // Jekonomicheskie strategii. – 2014. – T.16. № 4. – S. 108 - 113.
4. Freebase. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://wiki.freebase.com/wiki/Main_Page/. – (Data obrashhenija: 14.07.2017). – Tekst na angl. – Per. zagl. s jekrana: Grafovaja baza dannyh.
5. Lupen A. Knowledge Vault – novaja vseob#emljushhaja baza dannyh ot korporacii Google. 2014. 30 avgusta. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: https://webtun.com/google/6761-knowledge-vault-novaya-vseobemlyuschaya-baza-dannyh-ot-korporacii-google.html. – (Data obrashhenija: 14.07.2017).
6. Wikidata. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page. – (Data obrashhenija: 14.07.2017). – Tekst na angl. – Per. zagl. s jekrana: Vikidannye.
7. Ivanov V.V., Korobova A.N. Mezhdunarodnye tehnologii kraudsorsinga dlja razvitija innovacionnyh klasternyh zon // Rossijskij vneshnejekonomicheskij vestnik. – 2012. – № 2. – S. 48-55.
8. Ivanov V.V., Korobova A.N. Infrastrukturnoe obespechenie kraudsorsinga dlja prodvizhenija innovacij // Rossijskij vneshnejekonomicheskij vestnik. – 2012. – № 3. – S. 38-43.
9. Witopedia jenciklopedija Witolog. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://wiki.witology.com/index.php/Glavnaja_stranica. – (Data obrashhenija: 14.07.2017).
10. Markoff John. Entrepreneurs See a Web Guided by Common Sense // The New York Times, 2006, 12 November. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/12/business/12web.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5088&en=254d697964cedc62&ex=1320987600&_r=0. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
11. Semanticheskaja pautina. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semanticheskaja_pautina (po sostojaniju na 28 oktjabrja 2016. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
12. Semantic_Web. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web (po sostojaniju na 29 ijunja 2017 g.). – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
13. Nova Spivack. New Version of My «Metaweb» Graph - The Future of the Net. 2004. 21 aprelja. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://novaspivack.typepad.com/nova_spivacks_weblog/2004/04/new_version_of_.html. – (Data obrashhenija: 14.07.2017).
14. Katrina Pugh and Laurence Prusak. Designing Effective Knowledge Networks // MIT Sloan Management Review, FALL 2013, VOL. 55, № 1, 12 p. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/designing-effective-knowledge-networks/. – (Data obrashhenija: 14.07.2017).
15. Xianjun Geng, Yun Huang, Andrew B. Whinston. Smart marketplaces: a step beyond Web services // Information Systems and e-Business Management. - 2003. - Vol. 1, № 1, p.p. 15-34. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://phdtree.org/pdf/42675504-smart-marketplaces-a-step-beyond-webservices/. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
16. Diana Mitran (MSFT). Consuming .NET My Services from Managed C++. 2002, 4 Feb. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/1797/Consuming-NET-My-Services-from-Managed-C. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
17. Vasjukov I. Internet – soobshhestva. – 2001, Ijun'. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://www.proza.ru/2002/01/18-58. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
18. RIBS — sostavljajushhie internet-soobshhestva. 2012. 2 avg. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://normal.kz/2012/08/ribsneobhodimy-e-sostavlyayushhie-internet-soobshhestva/. (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
19. Klassifikacija pol'zovatelej internet-soobshhestv. 2012. 18 ijunja. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://normal.kz/2012/06/klassifikatsiya-pol-zovatelej-internet-soobshhestv/. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
20. Sonia Berman, and Victor Katoma. An e-Learning Model Based on Collaboration and Sharing. – In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on e-Learning, University of Cape Town, South Africa, 26-27 June 2008 -- p.p. 19-26. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: https://books.google.ru/books?id=qsswThitjp0C&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru#v=onepage&q&f=false. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
21. eBizMBA Guide. Top 15 Most Popular Blogs | July 2017. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://www.ebizmba.com/articles/blogs. –(Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
22. Maloshonok N.G. Chetyre urovnja akademicheskogo pis'ma. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://academics.hse.ru/awc/levels/.
– (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
23. Dave Beckett. Sollection of weblogs or sites with Semantic Web topics. 2012. 11 Sept. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://journal.dajobe.org/journal/2003/07/semblogs/. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
24. Kevin Roebuck. Rich Media - Live Streaming: High-impact Technology - What You Need to Know: Definitions, Adoptions, Impact, Benefits, Maturity, Vendors. -- Emereo Publishing, 24 okt. 2012 g. – 484 s.
25. Stuart Dredge. 10 things you need to know about – lifelogging // The Guardian. - 12 February 2014. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/feb/12/10-things-to-know-about-lifelogging. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
26. O gruppovom ume – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_mind_(science_fiction). – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
27. SIMON DEDEO. Group Minds and the Case of Wikipedia. – In: Human Computation. - 2014, V. 1, № 1, p.p. 5-29. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1407.2210v2.pdf. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
28. O poslednem i pervom cheloveke. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_and_First_Men. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
29. Gubanov, D., Korgin, N., Novikov, D., Raikov, A. E-Expertise: Modern Collective Intelligence, Springer. Series: Studies in Computational Intelligence, Vol. 558, 2014, XVIII, 112 p.
30. Raikov A. Convergent networked decision-making using group insights // Complex & Intelligent Systems. December 2015, Volume 1, Issue 1, pp. 57-68 (DOI 10.1007/s40747-016-0005-9)
31. Varianty perevoda na russkij jazyk anglijskogo slova enterprise. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: https://translate.google.ru/?hl=ru&tab=wT#en/ru/enterprise. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
32. Levenchuk A. Sistemnoinzhenernoe myshlenie. - M.: TechInvestLab, Izd. 2, 2 aprelja 2015. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://techinvestlab.ru/files/systems_engineering_thinking/systems_engineering_thinking—TechInvestLab_2014.pdf. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
33. Perevod na russkij jazyk anglijskogo termina entrepreneurial mindset. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://www.linguee.ru/angliijskij-russkij/perevod/entrepreneurial+mindset.html. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
34. Global'nyj mozg. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_brain. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
35. Google aims to create ‘global brain’, LONDON, 2014, August 25. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/googleaims-to-create-global-brain-knowledge-vault/article6348113.ece. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
36. The Global Brain Institute. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: https://sites.google.com/site/gbialternative1/home. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017). – Tekst na angl. – Per. zagl. s jekrana: Global'nyj institut mozga.
37. Alexia Parks. Hillary’s Brain Is a Global Brain. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/global-brain/. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
38. Revkin A. Exploring Humanity’s Evolving ‘Global Brain’ // The New York Times, 2012, Dec. 3. – [Jelektronnyj resurs]. – URL: https://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/03/. – (Data obrashhenija: 15.07.2017).
39. Raikov A.N. Holistic Discourse in the Network Cognitive Modeling // Journal of Mathematics and System Science. 2013. № 3. p. 519-530.
Published
2017-08-18
How to Cite
ДРОЖЖИНОВ, Владимир Иванович; РАЙКОВ, Александр Николаевич.
WEB TECHNOLOGIES, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND COGNITIVE GOVERNMENT.
Modern Information Technologies and IT-Education, [S.l.], v. 13, n. 2, p. 153-169, aug. 2017.
ISSN 2411-1473. Available at: <http://sitito.cs.msu.ru/index.php/SITITO/article/view/236>. Date accessed: 27 oct. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.25559/SITITO.2017.2.236.
Section
Cognitive information technologies in the digital economics
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Publication policy of the journal is based on traditional ethical principles of the Russian scientific periodicals and is built in terms of ethical norms of editors and publishers work stated in Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors and Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers, developed by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). In the course of publishing editorial board of the journal is led by international rules for copyright protection, statutory regulations of the Russian Federation as well as international standards of publishing.
Authors publishing articles in this journal agree to the following: They retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication of the work, which is automatically licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY license). Users can use, reuse and build upon the material published in this journal provided that such uses are fully attributed.
