Method for Information Protection of Digital Documents Using Invisible Digital Watermarks and Its Implementation
Abstract
Currently, many digital data transmitted over the Internet are often attacked by intruders. This leads to information leakage and creates serious problems in the field of copyright protection, property rights protection, authentication, etc. In recent years, the technology of digital watermarks for application in content protection problems has attracted great attention from users and researchers. A particularly demanding area of digital marking is the marking of documents, which are very sensitive to any changes of text. This article reviews the current trends in watermarking and watermarking technologies on digital documents to identify state-of-the-art techniques and their limitations. Also, a general architecture of the algorithm for applying and extracting reliable and imperceptible watermarks into a document, based on changing text glyphs, is being developed to solve the problem of tracking the source of information leakage. Using this algorithm, we can extract watermark information from document screenshots. Compared to previous algorithms for watermarking documents, the proposed scheme guarantees content-independent embedding, as well as the invisibility of the digital mark. In addition, the proposed marking scheme shows a high extraction accuracy.
References
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5. Tao H., Chongmin L., Zain J.M., Abdalla A.N. Robust Image Watermarking Theories and Techniques: A Review. Journal of Applied Research and Technology. 2014; 12(1):122-138. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1665-6423(14)71612-8
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9. Memon N., Wong P.W. Protecting Digital Media Content. Communications of the ACM. 1998; 41(7):35-43. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/278476.278485
10. Kwok S.H., Yang C.C., Tam K.Y. Watermark design pattern for intellectual property protection in electronic commerce applications. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE Computer Society; 2000. p. 1-10. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2000.926859
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12. Topkara M., Taskiran C.M., Delp III E.J. Natural language watermarking. In: Delp III E.J., Wong P.W. Proceedings of SPIE: Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VII. Vol. 5681. SPIE; 2005. p. 441-452. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.593790
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14. Jalil Z., Mirza A.M., Sabir M. Content based Zero-Watermarking Algorithm for Authentication of Text Documents. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security. 2010; 7(2):212-217. (In Eng.)
15. Alotaibi R.A., Elrefaei L.A. Utilizing Word Space with Pointed and Un-pointed Letters for Arabic Text Watermarking. 2016 UKSim-AMSS 18th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation (UKSim). IEEE Computer Society; 2016. p. 111-116. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/UKSim.2016.34
16. Sarkar T., Sanyal S. Digital Watermarking Techniques in Spatial and Frequency Domain. arXiv:1406.2146v2. 2014. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1406.2146
17. Saqib M., Naaz S. Spatial and Frequency Domain Digital Image Watermarking Techniques for Copyright Protection. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. 2017; 9(06):691-699. (In Eng.)
18. Bamatraf A., Ibrahim R., Salleh M.N.B.M. Digital watermarking algorithm using LSB. 2010 International Conference on Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics. IEEE Computer Society; 2010. p. 155-159. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAIE.2010.5735066
19. Dixit A., Dixit R. A Review on Digital Image Watermarking Techniques. International Journal of Image, Graphics and Signal Processing. 2017; 9(4):56-66. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijigsp.2017.04.07
20. Samcovic A., Turan J. Digital Image Watermarking by Spread Spectrum. Proceedings of the 11th Conference on 11th WSEAS International Conference on Communications ‒ Volume 11 (ICCOM'07). World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society (WSEAS), Stevens Point, Wisconsin, USA; 2007. p. 29-32. (In Eng.)
21. Hartung F.H., Su J.K., Girod B. Spread Spectrum Watermarking: Malicious Attacks and Counterattacks. Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents. Proceedings of SPIE: Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents. Vol. 3657. SPIE; 1999. p. 147-158. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.344665
22. Thanki R., Trivedi R., Kher R., Vyas D. Digital Watermarking Using White Gaussian Noise (WGN) in Spatial Domain. Proceeding of International Conference on Innovative Science and Engineering Technology (ICISET- 2011). Vol. 1. p. 38-42. (In Eng.)
23. Thanki R.M., Kher R.K., Vyas D.D. Robustness of Correlation Based Watermarking Techniques Using WGN against Different Order Statistics Filters. International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications. 2011; 2(4):45-49. Available at: https://www.ijcst.org/Volume2/Issue4/p9_2_4.pdf (accessed 23.12.2021). (In Eng.)
24. George L.E., Mohammed F.G., Taqi I.A. Effective Image Watermarking Method Based on DCT. Iraqi Journal of Science. 2015; 56(3B):2374-2379. Available at: https://www.iasj.net/iasj/download/ebbc3e942c16498f (accessed 23.12.2021). (In Eng.)
25. Pithiya P.M., Desai H.L. DCT Based Digital Image Watermarking, De- watermarking & Authentication. International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology. 2013; 2(3):213-219. Available at: https://www.ijltet.org/pdfviewer.php?id=875&j_id=2633 (accessed 23.12.2021). (In Eng.)
26. Islam S. M. M., Debnath R., Hossain S. K. A. DWT Based Digital Watermarking Technique and its Robustness on Image Rotation, Scaling, JPEG compression, Cropping and Multiple Watermarking. 2007 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology. IEEE Computer Society; 2007. p. 246-249. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICT.2007.375386
27. Savakar D.G., Pujar S. Digital Image Watermarking at Different Levels of DWT using RGB Channels. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering. 2020; 8(5):559-570. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.D6821.018520
28. Liu R., Tan T. An SVD-based watermarking scheme for protecting rightful ownership. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia. 2002; 4(1):121-128. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/6046.985560
29. Jarušek R., Volna E., Kotyrba M. Neural Network Approach to Image Steganography Techniques. In: Matoušek R. (ed.) Mendel 2015. ICSC-MENDEL 2016. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Vol. 378. Springer, Cham; 2015. p. 317-327. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19824-8_26
30. Tang W., Tan S., Li B., Huang J. Automatic Steganographic Distortion Learning Using a Generative Adversarial Network. IEEE Signal Processing Letters. 2017; 24(10):1547-1551. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/LSP.2017.2745572
31. Khan I., Verma B., Chaudhari V.K., Khan I. Neural network based steganography algorithm for still images. INTERACT-2010. IEEE Computer Society; 2010. p. 46-51. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/INTERACT.2010.5706192
32. Islam M., Roy A., Laskar R.H. SVM-based robust image watermarking technique in LWT domain using different sub-bands. Neural Computing and Applications. 2020; 32(5):1379-1403. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-018-3647-2
33. Yen C.-T., Huang Y.-J. Frequency domain digital watermark recognition using image code sequences with a back-propagation neural network. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 2016; 75(16):9745-9755. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-2718-y
34. Sun L., Xu J., Liu S., et al. A robust image watermarking scheme using Arnold transform and BP neural network. Neural Computing and Applications. 2018; 30(8):2425-2440. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-016-2788-4
35. Mun S.-M., Nam S.-H., Jang H., Kim D., Lee H.-K. Finding robust domain from attacks: A learning framework for blind watermarking. Neurocomputing. 2019; 337:191-202. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2019.01.067
36. Pibre L., Pasquet J., Ienco D., Chaumont M. Deep learning is a good steganalysis tool when embedding key is reused for different images, even if there is a cover sourcemismatch. Proceeding IS&T Int’l. Symp. on Electronic Imaging: Media Watermarking, Security, and Forensics. Society for Imaging Science and Technology; 2016. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2016.8.MWSF-078
37. Doerr G., Dugelay J.-L. Collusion issue in video watermarking. Proceedings of SPIE: Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VII. Vol. 5681. SPIE; 2005. p. 685-696. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.585783
38. Xie G., Shen H. Robust wavelet-based blind image watermarking against geometrical attacks. 2004 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8763). Vol. 3. IEEE Computer Society; 2004. p. 2051-2054. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICME.2004.1394668
39. Venturini I. Counteracting Oracle attacks. Proceedings of the 2004 workshop on Multimedia and security (MM&Sec'04). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA; 2004. p. 187-192. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/1022431.1022464
40. Zhang X., Wang S. Invertibility attack against watermarking based on forged algorithm and a countermeasure. Pattern Recognition Letters. 2004; 25(8):967-973. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2004.02.007
41. Kutter M., Voloshynovskiy S.V., Herrigel A. Watermark Copy Attack. Proceedings of SPIE: Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents II. Vol. 3971. SPIE; 2000. p. 371-380. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.384991
42. Srivatsan N., Barron J., Klein D., Berg-Kirkpatrick T. A Deep Factorization of Style and Structure in Fonts. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). Hong Kong, China. Association for Computational Linguistics; 2019. p. 2195-2205. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D19-1225
43. Campbell N.D.F., Kautz J. Learning a manifold of fonts. ACM Transactions on Graphics. 2014; 33(4):91. (In Eng.) doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/2601097.2601212
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Published
2022-03-31
How to Cite
GURTOVA, Kristina Sergeevna.
Method for Information Protection of Digital Documents Using Invisible Digital Watermarks and Its Implementation.
Modern Information Technologies and IT-Education, [S.l.], v. 18, n. 1, p. 152-166, mar. 2022.
ISSN 2411-1473. Available at: <http://sitito.cs.msu.ru/index.php/SITITO/article/view/841>. Date accessed: 03 july 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.25559/SITITO.18.202201.152-166.
Section
Research and development in the field of new IT and their applications
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